SUBHASHITA, PANCHATANTR AND GNOMIC LITERATURE IN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL BHARAT Options

Ability of Human beings to communicate with the help of spoken and written language has given birth to an unknown quantity of literature. It ranges from very crude to highly refined works. Apart from some cave inscriptions, we do not have very early works of human beings as the canvas of time is of thousands of years. The earliest such known available creative work is the composition of Rigvedic hymns. Seers do not take credit for its creation, and only claim to be receivers. They are addressed as drashtas and this
literature is considered as apaurusheya. If this is taken as the beginning, during last thousands of years, civilizations have been giving birth to variety of literary forms.

Hindus seems to have excelled in this art of creating literature, and also have given birth to endless varieties to suit their experiences. This year, we are trying to explore gnomic, subhashita-s, epigram, wisdom literature, etc. composed by Indian civilization. As human beings are exposed to varied experiences while interacting with other human beings and nature, they differ in their intensities
and perceptions. Transforming these self experiences into precise verbal form is a journey which needs creativity and innovativeness. We see this in abundance, in subhashita and wisdom literatures.

In this respect, Sternbach’s observations are masterly. He says “Probably no other literature in the world can be compared with Sanskrit literature as far as the variety of subjects, dealt with in short epigrams, is concerned. Sanskrit writers cultivated poetry to such an extent that every work, whether on love or hate, life or death, and even on law, philosophy, logic, medicine, horses, or
manure, was written in verse. The condensation of thought in short verse was masterfully performed and epigrams on
different subjects of life are countless. They were composed in verse, because their brevity and condensed nature made it easier for a common reader to commit them to memory.”

Scholars of the later period have tried to summarise this literature either in the form of subhashita sangraha or gnomic and didactic poetry. Even many of the stone and copper plate inscriptions seem to have used this form on various occasions. Prakrit literature from North to South India has abundance of this type of composition. We would also like scholars to dwell deep in the panchatantra and similar wisdom writings. As a matter of fact, panchatantra seems to have travelled to East and West at a very early period, and most of the western nursery rhymes and wisdom literature have their origins in panchatantra and jatak kathas. They have inspired temple sculptures in India as well. This literature has also reached Tibet, China and Central Asian countries in the North as well as almost all South East Asian countries of today.

I am sure, scholars would examine every facet of available resource to add new information and insight to this creative literature of India. They should also include relevance of this literature to the positive sciences.

Vedic Science

What our ancient heritage scriptures Vedas say about physical sciences, role of scientists (ashvinaus) and scientific temper, a brief note is given below. To get a feel of Vedic physical sciences, reference to a few hymns are given. The Sun never sets or rises and it is the earth, which rotates (Saam Ved 121). The gravitational effect of solar system makes the earth stable (R.V.1-103-2, 1-115-4 and 5- 81-2). The axle of the earth does not get rusted and the earth continues to revolve on its axle (R.V. 1-164-29). The science of Time and its subtle nature is described in (R.V.1-92-12 and 1-95-8). The need to study the properties of water, air and fire for discovering and manufacturing aircrafts, ships and other vehicles capable of moving in the firmament, land and water are mentioned in Rig Ved 1-3-1,2, 1-34-1, 1-140-1 and many other hymns. Reference to infinite number of both gross and subtle atoms and the energy principle as spirit of God in each atom is given in R.V. 5-47-2 and Saam Ved 222. Atoms and sub atomic particles are not inert and have unsuspected vitality owing to this energy principle. Physical sciences relating to agriculture, medicine, astronomy mathematics particularly algebra, toxicology etc. are described in R.V.1-71-9, 4-57-5, Saam Ved 121 and many other hymns.

In the Vedas scientists are described as men and women of absolute self-control, truthful with scientific outlook and destroyers of miseries (R.V., 1-3-4). With the help of these scientists one could travel far on the earth and also in the sky through conveyances, which run and touch the middle region (R.V. 1-3-1, 6-22-2 and 1-22-2). Such scientists from both the sexes go across to distance places quickly like the mind and electricity (R.V. 1-71-9). In this hymn aircrafts and even space ships are hinted. These ashvinaus should be well versed in Physics, agricultural sciences (R.V. 4-57-5), medical sciences (R.V. 5-74-3),
astronomy (S.V. 121) and other sciences. Ashvinaus have been advised to learn thoroughly about Prakrti (divine Nature), characteristics and various qualities of water, air, fire, electricity and heat and sound energy. Other sciences mentioned are Toxicology and use of various kinds of medicines and drugs (R.V 1-191-14), science of Time (Kala vidya) that starts with dawn (Usha). R.V. 1-95-2, and 10, refers to use of time for mathematics. There is a mention of infrared rays, study of Algebra (Rekha di ganit vidya), sound as a medium of knowledge for various sciences, diseases like bile, cough, jaundice and others and their treatment etc. The relevant hymns in this regard are in Rig-Ved 1-185-2, 1-12-1, 2, 1-22-1 to 4, 1-2-3, 1- 95-1, 1-101-1 and many others.

However, the greater emphasis is on the development of Scientific Temper amongst the members of Society with a view to curb spread of blind faith, hypocrisy, miracle and ostentatious worship of God. Thus the knowledge of Vedic sciences is meant to save the human beings from falling into an utter darkness as Isa Upanishad and the last chapter of Yajur Ved caution us. The unity in diversity is the message of Vedic physical and metaphysical sciences. While matter is the cause of diversity owing to three primordial subtle particles of purity, activity and passivity present in it, the spirit (jiva) provides the necessary unity.

The Vedas combine science with metaphysics and clearly mention that it is God who is the giver of knowledge of all sciences as ‘Sahstra sam’ (R.V. 1-10-11). The scientists are advised to study cause and effect of all material elements and also how the objects are produced and there after utilize these properly (R.V. 5-47-3). By following these guidelines they can alleviate much suffering of the people (R.V. 5-77-4). Without the knowledge and practical application of physical sciences, it is not possible to eradicate poverty and attain prosperity (R.V. 1-34-1 to 5).

 

 

SATI PRATHA AND ITS ORIGINS

Sati Pratha is a favorite topic among Hindu-bashers. As soon as they are questioned about the validity of their own claims, goals and methods they immediately start harping on Sati Pratha.

And lo! The trick works. The questioning Hindu becomes defensive. He never tries to probe into the origin of so- called Sati Pratha, or at least about its rumors. So, let us try to do it here, what the typical-Hindu always refrains to. Sati Pratha is nowhere mentioned in Hindu scriptures. Not a hint of it. There is no case of forceful widow burning in any of our scriptures. News about Sati Pratha started surfacing only with the advent of Christian Missionaries in India. They with their mission of converting the wretched
idolaters, i.e., Hindus to Christianity started slandering Hinduism. For they quickly perceived that Hindus were an unyielding, staunch lot. They would not yield to the treacherous methods of Christian Missionaries. So they devised a new way for accomplishing their Harvest. They decided to slander Hinduism in front of Hindus, so as to shake their belief in it, and also in front of global
community so as to justify their demonic agendas of Conversion. And for that they had a new tool in their hands to which Hindus had no access. This tool was the combined institution of Modern British Education System and the newly born media, i.e., the propaganda machine. (How they developed these mediums in India is another topic, related to Macaulay and many others and too long to be discussed here).

So, they started their well-planned campaign against Hinduism. A very good example of this is the English word “Juggernaut”, meaning, “a huge and overwhelming force”. It is originated form the Rath Yatra of Jagganath. Christian Missionaries said that there goes one evil Yatra among Hindus, in which wretched idolaters take out a procession of three idols. In the Yatra, they take intoxicating drugs,
dance nude in front of the chariot, make obscene gestures to each other and then in a fit throw themselves in front of the chariot to commit suicide. Hence, the word with its meaning of an overwhelming force”.

Swami Vivekanand also mentions this at one place along with many other calumnies heaped over Hinduism and Hindu civilization by the designing Christian Missionaries. Here is an excerpt of that, “What is meant by those pictures in the school-books for children where the Hindu mother is painted as throwing her children to the crocodiles in the Ganga? The mother is black, but the baby is painted white, to arouse more sympathy, and get more money. What is meant by those pictures, which painted a man burning his wife at a stake with his own hands, so that she may become a ghost and torment the husband’s enemy? What is meant by the pictures of huge cars crushing over human beings? I have
heard one of these gentlemen preach in Memphis that, in every village of India, there is a pond of the bones of little babies… What have the Hindus done to these disciples of Christ that every Christian child is taught to call the Hindus ‘vile’ and ‘wretched’ and the most horrible demons on earth?” Swami Vivekananda, The Complete Works, Vol. IV (1945 ed.) Any person even most slightly acquainted with the Rath Yatra needs no explaining about the truth.

Similarly, they harped on Sati, and invented the very term and phenomenon of Sati Pratha, citing some allegedly eye- witness accounts of widow burning on the funeral pyre of their husband. So, what was the truth in those accounts? If, there was any truth in those accounts, then what was their origin?

For finding their origin, we have to stretch our memory some centuries back to the Medieval Ages, the era of great unprecedented rape, pillage and looting of India by Muslims and their armies. Among the very first provinces to bear the brunt of Islamic sword were Sindh, Punjab and Rajputana. Sindh being Buddhist in majority and Punjab also having a considerable population of Buddhists, succumbed
soon to the unprecedented barbarous Islamic invasions. But Rajputana being completely Hindu held out for centuries. Even now there are only 9% Muslims in Rajasthan. But this resistance cost them a great deal. They had never faced such barbarous invaders and looters. All of the wars which they fought until then, were fought with a moral ethical code. Being synonymous with the Hindu philosophy, wars were
fought only between warriors and concerned only them. Civil populace was never even touched, let alone molested.

But the new Islamic enemy they were now facing was an unprecedented evil force, which did not rely on valour for victory, but instead on treachery, deceit, malice, crookedness and all other evil means. Those Islamic armies instead of fighting chivalrously with their opponents, chose to decimate the civilian populace, by laying siege to the country side, thus decimating the social, cultural and economic fabric of the nations. They massacred and butchered complete populations of Hindus, broke their
idols, desecrated their temples, butchered the Brahmins, converted them forcibly to Islam (by making them eat beef!) destroyed their corps, poisoned their wells, burned their houses, abducted their children and raped their women. They took their inspiration from Quran. Ayats 2:193, 8:39, orders them to break idols. Ayats 8:12, 22: 19-22 exhorts them to massacre the religious leaders of the other religion. Ayats 33:59 and 4:24 encourages them to commit sexual transgressions without compunction with the non-
Muslim women.

This, this last atrocity done to the local populace by these Islamic marauders was without precedence in cruelty. (No one in Hindu era even thought of touching another woman, let alone raping her). It was a greater calamity on women than their family men. They did not think of such calamity befalling them in their wildest nightmares. They were free women under Hinduism with an equal say in society as men. They were not used to the sexual, and mental humiliation and torture to which Muslim and non-Muslim
women under Islamic rule were subjected to. Chastity for them was everything, the prime value of life. They could not imagine an unchaste life. The very concept was unthinkable to them. And for preserving their chastity they were prepared to do anything, to break every barrier, to sacrifice every tying, even their life. And so they did.

Facing these Islamic molesters, the brave Hindu women chose death. They built big cauldron like pots, lit then with fire and jumped into them, to die voluntarily and happily in order to save their honour and chastity. They chose and embraced death themselves and nobody forced them to do so. They with their very feminine bravery defied whole armies of Islamic marauders with all of their evil means and
intentions. This phenomenon was called ‘johar’, meaning giving themselves to fire in order to be saved from disgrace.

So, this was ‘Johar’, later practiced by Hindu women in every part of India in order to save themselves from the dirty hands of Islamic marauders. There was no forced immolation in that process, no malign Brahmins, no cruel priests, thus no ‘Sati Pratha.’ And for suicide no other person can be blamed, other than those Islamic marauders whose threat forced Hindu women to suicide.

‘Sati’ is an ancient Sanskrit term, meaning a chaste woman who thinks of no other man than her own husband. The famous examples are Sati Anusuiya, Savitri, Ahilya etc. None of them committed suicide, let alone being forcible burned. So how is that that they are called Sati? The word ‘Sati’ means a chaste woman, and it has no co-relations with either suicide or murder. The term ‘Sati’ was never accompanied by ‘Pratha’. The phrase, ‘Sati Pratha’ was a Christian Missionary invention. Sati was taken form the above quoted source and ‘Pratha’ was taken from the practice of Johar’, (by distorting its meaning from ‘suicide’ to ‘murder’) and the myth of ‘Sati Pratha’ was born to haunt Hindus forever.

So ‘Sati Pratha’ (in its modern avatar of forcible widow burning) is not a fault of Hinduism but a crime of Islam. Islam is the perpetrator of crime here, and Hinduism, the victim. It is a joint crime of Islam and Christianity. The crime of Islam was transposed on Hinduism (absolving Islam in the process) by the historical connivance of anti-Hindu forces (Islam, Christianity and Marxism).

To insert a spiritual clause here, it is very important to say that in modern times whenever is there a case reported of voluntary immolation of a woman on her husband’s pyre, it is never reported that the dying woman shrieked in the unbearable pain of the burning flesh. Sucha case is reported by Mark Tully in his book ‘No Full Stops in India’. He tells of a woman Roop Kanwar in the village Deorala, district Sikar of Rajasthan who in Sep 1987 voluntarily died by burning herself with fire, without emitting any cries or shrieks. So what does it signify? No mortal can remain calm when his flesh is being burnt. So what is the reason of this superhuman quality of these women? The answer lies in dharm, Yoga and meditation. There are umpteen stories in Puran and Ved in which both men and women voluntarily accept death by immolating their mortal bodies by various means, including fire. The power of Yoga makes them oblivious of the pain of the decay of the mortal body. So women who voluntarily gave up their life in fire were empowered with the power of Yoga. Pain did not touch their chaste bodies. Hindus being oppressed for centuries have developed a mental state called ‘Dhimmitude’, which means a mental slavery to its long time oppressor Islam. So, now even those Hindus who stand against Islam are timid, defensive and guilty of some hypothetical crimes, imagined for their chagrin, for them by their enemies. They still can’t think
freely, analyze history objectively and recognize the true nature of Hinduism, i.e., Dharm.

But, if they want to re-generate Dharm, Truth and Goodness then they will have to view History in its true light, with Courage, Resolution and with Objectivity. Then only they will be able to re-discover their Dharm and do something for its regeneration.

Handing Over the Control Tower Keys to the Women and Girls

For men practicing with women the tantric sex yoga exercises, there are a few things the men and women must keep in mind, and not forget. First, the men must insist that the woman or girl direct him. He must submit to her. It’s a type of bondage, but with healthy minded results. In everyday life, it is easy for males to take the lead. In these tantric sex yoga excercises, the aim is to empower the female,
so that she can begin to develop her innate potentials. In a male dominated society, it is hard for women to do this. Even women who seem ‘liberated’ such as perhaps, Kristie Yamaguchi, who comes to mind, she can’t do it, and she is trapped, and has no control over her life.
In doing the exercises, I can suggest that it is important to keep in mind, that the male is handing over the traffic control tower leadership or managership to the female. That means, we males, must
listen to the females, and we must not insist on doing things the way we might feel we would prefer to. We submit one hundred percent, and work on subliminating our egos and our will. The results of yoga practices, practiced over a long period of time, years, will give the female a sense of leadership over males. That will naturally begin to grow in the psyche of the female. The more women and men practice and experience the tantric yoga, the more the women will grow, as a well-rounded individual, and the more the women’s potentials will come out. Our male dominated world is so completely fucked up; our only hope is to get women to develop their inner potentials. In my view of things, women must get more and more involved in politics. That way, they can begin to straighten out the mess we males have made of things. These yoga positions, if used by women and men, will help move us in that direction.